Light reflection4/25/2023 ![]() It is acceptable to visualize light rays as laser rays (or even science fiction depictions of ray guns).Įxplain that light bounces is a simplification. Here it means a straight line that originates from some point. It then continues in a straight line-that is, as a ray. Light may change direction when it encounters the surface of a different material (such as a mirror) or when it passes from one material to another (such as when passing from air into glass). In all these cases, light is modeled as traveling in a straight line, called a ray. Light can also arrive at an object after being reflected, such as by a mirror. Light can travel to an object through various media, such as air and glass. It can come directly from the source through empty space, such as from the Sun to Earth. There are three ways, as shown in Figure 16.2, in which light can travel from a source to another location. There are six possible ratios therefore, there are six such functions. Trigonometric functions are ratios of the lengths of two sides of a right triangle. In this chapter, we apply equations that use trigonometric functions that describe the properties of angles. In this chapter, we are focused on the first three ideas. Geometry is the study of relationships involving points, lines, angles, and shapes. The lines must be straight lines for the number to have meaning. Recall that, in geometry, angles are numbers that tell how far two straight lines are spread apart. (D) investigate behaviors of waves, including reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, resonance, and the Doppler effect. ![]() In addition, the High School Physics Laboratory Manual addresses content in this section in the lab titled: Mirrors and Lenses, as well as the following standards: (F) describe the role of wave characteristics and behaviors in medical and industrial applications.(E) describe and predict image formation as a consequence of reflection from a plane mirror and refraction through a thin convex lens and.(D) investigate behaviors of waves, including reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, resonance, and the Doppler effect.The student knows the characteristics and behavior of waves. Light travels more quickly in the lower region, so light coming down from the sky (from not too steep an angle) is refracted back up again, giving a blue puddle appearance to the asphalt-a mirage.The learning objectives in this section help your students master the following standards: ![]() On a hot day, the air directly over the surface of an asphalt road is warmer than the air higher up. The boundary between media does not have to be abrupt for reflection or refraction to occur. Since the index of refraction in most substances depends on the frequency of the wave, light of different colors is refracted by different amounts-hence the colorful rainbow effect of prisms. Light passing through a prism is mostly refracted, or bent, both when it enters the prism and again when it leaves the prism. Incident light waves tend to be fully reflected from a boundary met at a shallow angle at a certain critical angle and at greater angles, some of the light is also refracted looking at the surface of water from a boat, for instance, one can see down into the water only out to where the sight line reaches the critical angle with the surface. Waves entering a medium with a lower index are accelerated and leave the boundary and enter the second medium at a lesser angle. Waves entering a medium with a higher index of refraction are slowed, leaving the boundary and entering the second medium at a greater angle than the incident wave. The amount of deviation or bending depends on the indexes of refraction of each medium, determined by the relative speed of the wave in the two media. Refraction occurs, as in a lens, when a wave passes from one medium into the second, deviating from the straight path it otherwise would have taken. Reflection occurs, as in a mirror, when a wave encounters the boundary but does not pass into the second medium, instead immediately changing course and returning to the original medium, typically reflecting from the surface at the same angle at which it contacted it. ![]() The media might consist of two different substances, such as glass and air, or a single substance in different states in different regions, such as air at different temperatures or densities in different layers. Usage The terms refraction and reflection describe two ways that waves, as of sound or light, change course upon encountering a boundary between two media.
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